Management and Economics Wood
Management and Economics wood
Amir Reza Taheri; Abbas Tamjidi; Ajang Tajdini
Abstract
In this research, the effect of marketing capabilities, innovations, learning of employees on the performance of wooden office furniture companies with the approach of structural equations has been investigated. The statistical population of this research consists of managers and engineers working in ...
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In this research, the effect of marketing capabilities, innovations, learning of employees on the performance of wooden office furniture companies with the approach of structural equations has been investigated. The statistical population of this research consists of managers and engineers working in wooden office furniture companies located in industrial towns in Tehran and Alborz provinces. Sampling method was classified and Crecy-Morgan table was used to determine the sample size (92 people). Initial effective indicators were selected by studying the available sources and the conceptual model of the research considering the performance of the organization (company) as a dependent variable and marketing, innovation and learning variables as independent variables. The main tool for collecting information for this research was a questionnaire. Correlation and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling based on partial least squares method were used to investigate the research hypotheses and analyze the structural relationships between variables. The results showed that innovation, marketing and learning capabilities had a positive effect on the performance of wooden furniture companies. In addition, these capabilities complement 96.9% of the changes in the dependent variable of the company's performance. The results of the model quality evaluation index show that marketing capability (strong effect), innovation capability (medium effect), learning capability (weak effect) have the greatest impact on company performance. Finally, the results of this study remind the various companies producing wood furniture industry products that are constantly looking to export their goods that, unlike the somewhat non-competitive domestic market, to compete with other companies in target markets, should try. Due to factors such as marketing, innovation and learning, improve products quality, reduce costs and ultimately increase company performance.
Research Paper
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Ebrahim Khosravi; Amir Lashgari; Mehran Roohnia; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Ajang Tajdini
Abstract
From the limitations of detecting the amount of useful life remaining in the components of the structures in the conditions of use with acoustic methods is the impossibility of calculating the modulus of elasticity due to the impossibility of removing the part from the structure. Therefore, most of the ...
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From the limitations of detecting the amount of useful life remaining in the components of the structures in the conditions of use with acoustic methods is the impossibility of calculating the modulus of elasticity due to the impossibility of removing the part from the structure. Therefore, most of the classifications during use in the components of structures such as historical buildings are based on measuring the speed of sound. In this research, to calculate the local and global density with the method of pin penetration rate in wooden tie in order to calculate the amount of their remaining useful life by combining stress wave and free longitudinal vibration methods has been studied. There was no significant difference between the values of global sound velocity and global modulus of elasticity with the local results of these factors at the five tested points in each of the wooden tie. Also, there was no significant difference between the density calculated by the ISO 13910 standard method and the results of the pin penetration rate method. There was optimal exponential correlation between modulus of elasticity calculated from stress wave method and damping factor from longitudinal vibration. The results indicated that the combination of the three mentioned methods has a very favorable efficiency for the classification of wood during consumption and without leaving the structure.
Research Paper
Composite wood products
Haniye Shurvazi; Mohammad Shamsian; Ali Bayatkashkoli; Mohammad Dahmardeh Ghaleno
Abstract
This study aims to investigate parallel strand lumber (PSL) made from reed waste and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) obtained from spruce wood with glass fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and epoxy resin. The independent variable was FRP fibers in LVL and PSL and their comparison with the case of not using ...
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This study aims to investigate parallel strand lumber (PSL) made from reed waste and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) obtained from spruce wood with glass fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and epoxy resin. The independent variable was FRP fibers in LVL and PSL and their comparison with the case of not using FRP. The mechanical properties of the manufactured boards include bending strength (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in the width and edge of the test sample, shear strength, compressive strength parallel to the fibers, compressive strength perpendicular to the fibers, internal adhesion and screw holding strength as Dependent variables were investigated. The obtained results were analyzed in the form of completely randomized design by SPSS software. The results showed that in all the studied mechanical properties, the use of FRP strengthened the mechanical properties. For LVL, the MOR value for the width and edge of the test sample showed an increase of 93% and 59%, respectively. The value of MOE during strengthening with FRP showed an increase of 89.6 and 132% for the width and length of the PSL test samples, respectively. For LVL, the MOE value of the width and edge of the test sample increased by 54% and 95.5% after strengthening. Reinforcement of PSL test samples has improved their shear strength by 31%, while this value is only 2.5% for LVL. The vertical stress of fibers after strengthening with FRP for LVL and PSL has increased and its value is The order of 6.39 and 4.34 has increased. In the internal adhesion test, strengthening with FRP improved the internal adhesion strength of the samples by 92%. The retention strength of the screw was improved by 27% due to the strengthening of the test samples with FRP.
Wood Modification and Wood Preservation
Wood Modification and Wood Preservation
َAmir Mohamad Nahofteh Estarabadi; Davood Rasouli; Taghi Tabarsa; Abolghasem Khazaeian
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Wood, as an organic material, is susceptible to deterioration by destructive factors such as fungi and insects. One approach to protect against these factors is the treatment of wood with preservatives. The use of waterborne preservatives is common due to the numerous advantages. ...
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Background and Objectives: Wood, as an organic material, is susceptible to deterioration by destructive factors such as fungi and insects. One approach to protect against these factors is the treatment of wood with preservatives. The use of waterborne preservatives is common due to the numerous advantages. However, when preservative-treated wood is exposed to outdoor environments, it becomes susceptible to weathering and leaching. The use of coatings can be an effective method in this regard. This research investigates the effectiveness of two transparent coatings, acrylic and alkyd, in enhancing the weathering resistance of wood specimens treated with waterborne preservatives. .Methodology: defect-free poplar wood specimens with dimensions of 12×10×2 cm3 (L, T, R) were prepared and then they were treated with preservatives ACC, CCB, and ACQ-C using the full-cell/pressure impregnation method. Subsequently, acrylic and alkyd transparent coatings were applied to the surface of the specimens. After applying the coatings, the specimens were exposed to natural weathering for one year.Results: The results indicated that the type of coating significantly influenced the color and adhesion resistance of specimens. Furthermore, the research findings demonstrated that all specimens experienced color changes and a decrease in coating adhesion resistance due to weathering. Among the coatings, the intensity of color changes and deterioration in specimens with acrylic coatings was higher compared to those with alkyd coatings. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that alkyd coatings exhibited better preservative performance against weathering for preservative-treated wood.. Background and Objectives: Wood, as an organic material, is susceptible to deterioration by destructive factors such as fungi and insects. One approach to protect against these factors is the treatment of wood with preservatives. The use of waterborne preservatives is common due to the numerous advantages. However, when preservative-treated wood is exposed to outdoor environments, it becomes susceptible to weathering and leaching. The use of coatings can be an effective method in this regard. This research investigates the effectiveness of two transparent coatings, acrylic and alkyd, in enhancing the weathering resistance of wood specimens treated with waterborne preservatives. .Methodology: defect-free poplar wood specimens with dimensions of 12×10×2 cm3 (L, T, R) were prepared and then they were treated with preservatives ACC, CCB, and ACQ-C using the full-cell/pressure impregnation method. Subsequently, acrylic and alkyd transparent coatings were applied to the surface of the specimens. After applying the coatings, the specimens were exposed to natural weathering for one year. .Results: The results indicated that the type of coating significantly influenced the color and adhesion resistance of specimens. Furthermore, the research findings demonstrated that all specimens experienced color changes and a decrease in coating adhesion resistance due to weathering. Among the coatings, the intensity of color changes and deterioration in specimens with acrylic coatings was higher compared to those with alkyd coatings.Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that alkyd coatings exhibited better preservative performance against weathering for preservative-treated wood. .Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that alkyd coatings exhibited better preservative performance against weathering for preservative-treated wood. .
Research Paper
Chemistry of wood
Ramin Vaysi
Abstract
Abstract:Background and aim: As a result of population growth, increase in paper and wood products consumption, and restrictions on using raw materials, producing ligni-culture with black poplar and poplar as fast-growing spices have found their own special status and proponents. The aim of this study ...
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Abstract:Background and aim: As a result of population growth, increase in paper and wood products consumption, and restrictions on using raw materials, producing ligni-culture with black poplar and poplar as fast-growing spices have found their own special status and proponents. The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of the phenolic chemical components in wood of black poplar (populous nigra) and poplar (populous deltoides) tree. Materials and methods: In this study, three trees from species of planted black poplar and poplar tree were randomly cut down in planted forest region of Nowshar city. Then from each tree were separated three disks, at first wood flour and then extractive measured by TAPPI standards. The wood flour was washed by acetone and extractives residue was added BSTFA reactor. In order to identification of extract, about 1mg solid extracts obtained, mixed with 30 micro liter BSTFA reagent and about 15 micro liter pyridine inside tube test. The samples kept in Ben Marry Bath in 70 oC for an hour and they were analyzed by GC/MS. Then the samples analyzed by using GC/MS on an HP 6890 Gas Chromatograph, equipped with a split/split less injector and a 5973 Mass Selective Detector (MSD). The column oven was programmed as follows: Chromatography was performed on a HP-5MS capillary column (SGE, 30 m, 0.25 mm), kind of carrier gas, Helium with 1ml/min speed and temperature program between 60 – 260 °C, increase temperature 6 °C/min. For the identification of compounds were used GC diagram which shows abundance and retention time of each compound, calculation of quartz index and Adams table. The retention indices were calculated for all volatile constituents using a homologous series of C9 to C19 n-alkanes. For the Identification of compounds were used GC diagram which shows abundance and retention time of each compound, and calculation of quartz index and Adams table. The retention indices were calculated for all volatile constituents using a homologous series of C9 to C19 n-alkanes. I=100n+100(trx-trn)/(trn+1-trn) Where: I: quartz index, n: Carbon number of normal alcan, trn+1: Retention time of unknown compound, trn: Retention time of normal alcan.Results: The result of GC-MS showed that there were 68 and 105 compounds in wood of black poplar and poplar tree, respectively. That di-Limonene (30.26%), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (10.07%), Gamma-Sitosterol (1.06%), Hexadecanoic acid (2.0 %), gamma-Terpinene (4.02%), beta-Myrcene (0.58%), 5-methyl-3-Heptanol (1.35%) and 4-Hydroxy-Benzoic acid (3.62%) were the most important compounds in wood of poplar tree. There were the Limonene (25.62%), Anymol (5.29%), gamma-Terpinene (3.38%), 1,2-Benzandicarboxylic acid(2.00%), Benzen methanol (0.94%), Agarospirol(0.91%), Tetradecanoic acid(0.19%) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (0.68%) as the most important compounds in wood of black poplar tree.Conclusion: So that, the gas chromatographs showed that Limonene, Benzene methanol, alpha-Terpineol, beta-Bisabolene, Hexadecanoic acid and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the 7 common compounds in the wood of black poplar and poplar tree, too. These compounds can play an important role in the durability and consumption of these woods.Keywords: Black Poplar, Poplar, Retention time, BSTFA, Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Physics and Mechanical Wood
mohammad najafianashrafi; ali Heidari; Hamed Jafarzadeh
Abstract
Studding the physical and mechanical properties of Juglands regia L. from regions of Mashhad and Mako in IranAbstract:Background and goal: walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) are cultivated in many countries in Asia, Europe and United States. This tree has high resistance with beautiful pattern and are used ...
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Studding the physical and mechanical properties of Juglands regia L. from regions of Mashhad and Mako in IranAbstract:Background and goal: walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) are cultivated in many countries in Asia, Europe and United States. This tree has high resistance with beautiful pattern and are used in furniture industry, building panels, flooring and covering. Iran are ranked third in the world in the production of walnut fruit after China and US. Thus, with considering high production of this tree in Iran and its diverse application in different industries, a comprehensive studding for physical and mechanical properties of this species in different regions of Iran seems necessary.Materials and methods: Walnut tree (Juglands regia L.) from two different regions, one from northeast (Mashhad) and the other from northwest (Mako) of Iran was selected for this study. Three trees from each region were selected randomly and cut with almost with the same diameter for physical and mechanical experiments. Samples also were cut from 2-4 meter from the ground. ISO 3129 and ASTM (D143-14) were used for doing physical and mechanical experiments respectively and at the humidity of 12%. Statistical analysis of data was performed using Graphpad prism version 8 and t-Test was performed for significant difference of data.Results: The average dry density of both Mashhad and Mako walnut wood was 0.625 and 0.579 g/cm3 respectively. There were a significant difference for both tangential shrinkage with values of 9.77 and 8.78 and volumetric shrinkage with measurement of 16.26 and 15.42 in Mashhad and Mako respectively. However, there was no significant difference for longitudinal and radial shrinkage in both walnut wood of the two regions. Walnut wood cut from Mashhad region showed higher physical and mechanical properties. The results of the mechanical characteristics of walnuts from two regions showed bending strength 100.54 and 87.61N/mm2 and elasticity modulus 10049.59 and 7504.21 N/ mm2for Mashhad and Mako regions respectively which were significant. Results also showed not significant difference for compression parallel to the grain with values of 37.91 and 33.88N/mm2, for shear parallel to the grain with values of 9.15 and 8.95N/mm2, for Tensile strength parallel to the grain with 127.97 and 125.83 N/mm2, for Screw withdrawal strength in tangential values of 4031.01 and 3685.97N and Screw withdrawal strength in radial values of 4218.63 and 3915.03N and impact strength with the values of 27.81 and 25.24KJ/m2 for Mashhad and Mako regions respectively. Results also showed that the density of walnut wood in the two regions of Iran was similar to the those in Italy and eastern Europe but the mechanical properties of walnut tree such as bending strength and elasticity modules measured from Mashhad region was similar to the wone in turkey.Conclusion: The results showed that the physical and mechanical resistance of walnut wood located in Mashhad is higher than Mako wood, which was attributed to the higher dry density and the difference in weather conditions. Considering the appropriate mechanical resistance of walnut wood from both regions of Iran, this wood can be used in coating and furniture industries, building panels and flooring.
